Escala pronóstica de bajo peso al nacer en gestantes del municipio Guanabacoa / Prognostic scale for the prediction of low birth weight in pregnant women of Guanabacoa municipality

Introducción: En la actualidad el bajo peso al nacer se mantiene como una problemática vigente alrededor de todo el mundo, constituye uno de los principales problemas obstétricos. Objetivo: Obtener una escala pronostica de bajo peso al nacer en gestantes atendidas en el área de salud del municipio Guanabacoa. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional de corte longitudinal, prospectivo o de cohortes en gestantes atendidas en el área de salud del municipio de Guanabacoa, en el período comprendido desde el 1 de enero de 2016 hasta el 31 de diciembre del 2019. La muestra estuvo constituida por 182 gestantes. Resultados: Presentaron significación estadística en su relación con el riesgo de bajo peso al nacer las variables: edad, hipertensión arterial gestacional, síndrome de flujo vaginal, infección urinaria, fumadora, periodo inter-genésico corto, prematuro anterior y edema. Todas las variables mostraron OR superior a 1 en el análisis. Las variables mostraron relación independiente y significativa con el riesgo de bajo peso al nacer en el análisis multivariado. Conclusiones: Las variables estudiadas mostraron asociación significativa con la posibilidad de aparición de bajo peso al nacer en las gestantes de la muestra. Se obtuvo una escala pronostica con una correcta capacidad de predicción(AU)

Introduction: Low birth weight still remains as one of the current and main obstetric problems worldwide. Objective: To develop a prognostic scale for the prediction of low birth weight in pregnant women treated in the health care area of Guanabacoa municipality. Material and Methods: A prospective longitudinal observational cohort study was conducted in pregnant women treated in the health care area of Guanabacoa municipality during the period between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2019. The sample was composed of 182 pregnant women. Results: The variables related to age, gestational arterial hypertension, vaginal flow syndrome, urinary infection, smoking habit, short inter-genesic interval, previous premature births, and edema presented statistical significance in their relationship with the risk of low birth weight. All the variables showed an OR higher than 1 in the analysis. The variables showed independent and significant relationship with the risk of low birth weight in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: The variables studied showed an independent and significant relationship with the probability of low birth weight in the pregnant women that composed the sample. A prognostic scale with an adequate predictive capacity was developed(AU)

Estrés durante el embarazo como factor de riesgo para el bajo peso del recién nacido / Stress during pregnancy as a risk factor for low weight in the newborn

Introducción: El estrés en la gestación es un problema de salud mental que puede incrementar el riesgo de las complicaciones maternas y perinatales. Objetivo: Determinar si el estrés durante el embarazo es un factor de riesgo para el bajo peso en el recién nacido. Métodos: Estudio no experimental, analítico de casos y controles, desarrollado en el Hospital San Juan de Lurigancho, en el 2019. En el grupo caso se incluyeron a 37 recién nacidos con peso menor de 2500 g, y en el grupo control, a 74 recién nacidos con peso entre 2500 y 3999 g. Se utilizaron las pruebas estadísticas chi cuadrado, odds ratio (OR) y sus intervalos de confianza al 95 %, y la de U de Mann Whitney. Resultados: El 43,3 por ciento de los recién nacidos con bajo peso tuvieron una madre de 18 a 24 años y 91,9 por ciento tuvo una madre que era ama de casa. El estado actual emocional fue más estresante en las madres de un recién nacido con bajo peso (x= 2,38 ± 1,3; p< 0,001), del mismo modo con los problemas relacionados al trabajo (x= 1,73 ± 1,3; p= 0,004). El estrés materno durante el embarazo se asoció al bajo peso del recién nacido. [p= 0,003; OR= 5,6; IC 95 por ciento = 1,6 - 19,7]. Conclusiones: El estrés materno es un factor de riesgo significativo para presentar bajo peso en el recién nacido, que eleva casi 6 veces la probabilidad de padecer esta complicación frente a la exposición del estrés(AU)

Introduction: Stress in pregnancy is a mental health problem that can increase the risk of maternal and perinatal complications. Objective: Determine if stress during pregnancy is a risk factor for low weight in the newborn. Methods: Non-experimental, analytical case-control study, carried out at the San Juan de Lurigancho Hospital, Peru in 2019. In the case group, 37 newborns weighing less than 2500 gr. were included, and in the control group, to 74 newborns weighing between 2500 and 3999 gr. The chi-square statistical tests, odds ratio (OR) and their 95 percent confidence intervals, and Mann Whitney's U test were used. Results: 43.3% of newborns with low weight had a mother aged 18 to 24 years and 91.9 percent had a mother who was a housewife. The current emotional state was more stressful in mothers of newborn underweight (x=2.38 ± 1.3; p<0.001), in the same way with the problems related to work (x=1.73 ± 1.3; p=0.004). Maternal stress during pregnancy was associated with the low weight of the newborn. [p=0.003; OR=5.6; 95 percent CI =1.6 - 19.7]. Conclusions: Maternal stress is a significant risk factor for presenting low weight in the newborn, which increases the probability of suffering this complication almost 6 times compared to exposure to stress(AU)

Association between excessive maternal weight, periodontitis during the third trimester of pregnancy, and infants' health at birth

Abstract Excessive weight is associated with periodontitis because of inflammatory mediators secreted by the adipose tissue. Periodontal impairments can occur during pregnancy due to association between high hormonal levels and inadequate oral hygiene. Moreover, periodontitis and excessive weight during pregnancy can negatively affect an infant's weight at birth. Objective This observational, cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the association between pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity, periodontitis during the third trimester of pregnancy, and the infants' birth weight. Methodology The sample set was divided into 2 groups according to the preconception body mass index: obesity/overweight (G1=50) and normal weight (G2=50). Educational level, monthly household income, and systemic impairments during pregnancy were assessed. Pocket probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were obtained to analyze periodontitis. The children's birth weight was classified as low (<2.5 kg), insufficient (2.5-2.999 kg), normal (3-3.999 kg), or excessive (≥4 kg). Bivariate analysis (Mann-Whitney U test, t-test, chi-squared test) and logistic regression (stepwise backward likelihood ratio) were performed (p<0.05). Results G1 showed lower socioeconomic levels and higher prevalence of arterial hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy than G2 (p=0.002). G1 showed higher means of PPD and CAL (p=0.041 and p=0.039, respectively) and therefore a higher prevalence of periodontitis than G2 (p=0.0003). G1 showed lower infants' birth weight than G2 (p=0.0004). Excessive maternal weight and educational levels were independent variables associated with periodontitis during the third trimester of pregnancy (X2[2]=23.21; p<0.0001). Maternal overweight/obesity was also associated with low/insufficient birth weight (X2[1]=7.01; p=0.008). Conclusion The present findings suggest an association between excessive pre-pregnancy weight, maternal periodontitis, and low/insufficient birth weight.

Fatores associados ao peso ao nascer de crianças indígenas Terena, residentes na área urbana de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil / Factors associated with birthweight of Terena indigenous children living in the urban area of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil / Factores asociados al peso al nacer de niños indígenas Terena, residentes en el área urbana de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a associação do peso ao nascer de crianças Terena, residentes na área urbana de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, com variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e de saúde, e descrever a frequência de baixo peso ao nascer. Os dados foram coletados em visitas domiciliares com formulários aplicados às mães e baseando-se em informações contidas nas Cadernetas da Gestante e da Criança. Foram incluídas todas as mulheres Terena que tiveram filhos nascidos vivos no período de 1º de junho de 2017 a 31 de julho de 2018 e residentes nas aldeias Água Bonita, Darcy Ribeiro, Marçal de Souza e Tarsila do Amaral. O peso ao nascer foi considerado desfecho e as variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e de saúde foram consideradas exposição. Participaram do estudo 43 mães e crianças. A frequência de baixo peso ao nascer foi de 2,3%. No modelo final, as crianças que residiam em domicílios com fossa séptica ou rudimentar apresentaram peso ao nascer menor quando comparadas às que residiam em domicílios com rede coletora de esgoto; e aquelas filhas de mães obesas antes da gestação apresentaram maior peso ao nascer quando comparadas às que nasceram de mães eutróficas segundo o índice de massa corporal pré-gestacional. Os dados buscam trazer à tona discussões sobre as condições de saúde e nutrição dessa importante parcela da população indígena que vive em áreas urbanas.

Abstract: The study aimed to verify the association between birthweight of Terena children living in the urban area of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, and demographic, socioeconomic, and health variables and to describe the prevalence of low birthweight. Data were collective through home visits with a form completed with the mothers and based on records from the prenatal and neonatal cards. The sample included all the Terena women who gave birth to liveborn children from June 1, 2017, to July 31, 2018, and living in the Água Bonita, Darcy Ribeiro, Marçal de Souza, and Tarsila do Amaral villages. Birthweight was the outcome, and demographic, socioeconomic, and health characteristics were the exposure variables. A total of 43 mothers participated with their children. Low birthweight prevalence was 2.3%. In the final model, children living in households with makeshift cesspools showed lower birthweight when compared to those living in households connected to the public sewage disposal system, and daughters of mothers who were obese prior to the pregnancy presented higher birthweight than those born to normal weight mothers, according to pregestational body mass index. The data seek to contribute to discussions on the health and nutrition of this important share of the indigenous population that lives in urban areas.

Resumen: El objetivo del estudio fue verificar la asociación del peso al nacer de niños Terena, residentes en el área urbana de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, con variables demográficas, socioeconómicas y de salud, así como describir la frecuencia de bajo peso al nacer. Los datos se recogieron en visitas domiciliarias con formularios aplicados a las madres, y a partir de información que contenían los Cuadernillos de la Gestante y del Niño. Se incluyeron a todas las mujeres Terena que tuvieron hijos nacidos vivos, durante el período del 1 de junio de 2017 a 31 de julio de 2018, y residentes en las aldeas Água Bonita, Darcy Ribeiro, Marçal de Souza y Tarsila do Amaral. El peso al nacer se consideró un resultado y las variables demográficas, socioeconómicas y de salud se consideraron exposición. Participaron en el estudio 43 madres y niños. La frecuencia de bajo peso al nacer fue de un 2,3%. En el modelo final, los niños que residían en domicilios con fosa séptica o rudimentaria presentaron un peso al nacer menor, cuando se comparan con los que residían en domicilios con una red de alcantarillado; y aquellos hijos de madres obesas antes de la gestación presentaron un mayor peso al nacer, cuando se comparan con los que nacieron de madres eutróficas, según el índice de masa corporal pregestacional. Los datos pretenden plantear discusiones sobre condiciones de salud y nutrición de esta importante parte de la población indígena que vive en áreas urbanas.

Associação entre doença periodontal, parto prematuro e baixo peso ao nascer / Asociación entre la enfermedad periodontal, el nacimiento prematuro y bajo peso al nacer / Association between periodontal disease, preterm birth and low birth weight

Objetivo: avaliar a associação entre doença periodontal, parto prematuro e recém-nascidos de baixo peso, em um grupo de mulheres no município de Curitiba, PR, Brasil. Métodos: no presente caso-controle foram avaliadas 51 mães, com idade entre 16 e 40 anos, divididas em dois grupos: as que tiveram parto prematuro, sendo os recém-nascidos de baixo peso; e as que não tiveram parto prematuro também com recém-nascidos de baixo peso. Foram coletados dados das mães e dos recém-nascidos por meio de questionários e análise de registros médicos. O exame periodontal foi realizado em seis sítios de cada dente presente, com exceção dos terceiros molares. Resultados: foi encontrado que 82,4 porcento das mulheres tiveram partos normais, 25,5 porcento das mães tiveram seus bebês prematuramente, 19,6 porcento dos bebês nasceram com peso inferior a 2 500 g e 5,9 porcento das mulheres tinham doença periodontal. Conclusão: nesta amostra não foi identificada associação entre doença periodontal, parto prematuro e recém-nascidos de baixo peso(AU)

Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre la enfermedad periodontal, los nacimientos prematuros y recién nacidos con bajo peso en un grupo de mujeres en la ciudad de Curitiba, PR, Brasil. Métodos: en estudio de casos y controles se evaluaron 51 madres, de edades comprendidas entre los 16 y 40 años, divididas en dos grupos: las que habían tenido un parto prematuro y con bajo peso y las que no habían tenido un parto prematuro pero sí bebés con bajo peso. Se recogieron datos de las madres y los recién nacidos a través de cuestionarios y análisis de los registros médicos. El examen periodontal se llevó a cabo en seis sitios de cada diente presente, excepto los terceros molares. Resultados: se encontró que 82,4 por ciento de las mujeres tuvieron un parto normal, el 25,5 pr ciento de las madres tenían a sus bebés antes de tiempo, el 19,6 por ciento de los bebés que nacieron con un peso inferior a 2 500 g, y 5,9 por ciento de las mujeres tenían enfermedad periodontal. Conclusiones: en esta muestra no se identificó ninguna asociación entre la enfermedad periodontal y los partos prematuros y el bajo peso al nacer(AU)

Objective: evaluate the association between periodontal disease, preterm births and low birth weight neonates in a group of women from the city of Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Methods: in this case-control study, an evaluation was conducted of 51 mothers aged 16-40 years divided into two groups: those with a preterm delivery and low birth weight babies, and those without a preterm delivery but with low birth weight babies. Data about the mothers and the neonates were collected via questionnaires and medical record analysis. Periodontal examination was performed at six sites of each tooth present, except for the third molars. Results: it was found that 82.4 percent of the women had had a normal delivery and 25.5 percent a preterm delivery. 19.6 percent of the babies weighed less than 2 500 g at birth, and 5.9 percent of the women had periodontal disease. Conclusions: no association was found in the sample between periodontal disease and preterm delivery and low birth weight(AU)

Tempo de transição alimentar na técnica sonda-peito em recém-nascidos baixo peso do Método Canguru / Intervention time until discharge for newborns on transition from gavage to exclusive oral feeding

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar o tempo despendido na transição da alimentação por gavagem para via oral exclusiva, na técnica sonda-peito, comparando RNs baixo peso, considerando suas intercorrências clínicas/médicas, submetidos ao peito exclusivo com aqueles que, além do peito, receberam complemento por copo/mamadeira. Método Estudo de coorte, analítico e longitudinal, com 165 RNs, divididos quanto à gravidade de intercorrências clínicas (G1 e G2) e quanto à via de dieta (A e B). Todos RNs eram baixo peso, do Método Canguru, estimulados no peito, conforme prescrição médica e rotina hospitalar. Pertenciam ao subgrupo A: RNs estimulados exclusivamente no peito, que mantiveram peito exclusivo no momento da alta, e ao subgrupo B: RNs que utilizaram copo/mamadeira em algum momento da internação hospitalar em complementação ao peito. Foi registrado o número de dias que o RN permaneceu em cada etapa da transição. Resultados O histórico de intercorrências médicas influenciou significativamente o tempo total de transição. Subgrupos G1-A (10 dias), G1-B (9 dias) e G2-A (12 dias), quando comparados ao grupo G2-B(16 dias), evidenciaram maior chance de alta antecipada. Conclusão RNs sem intercorrências clínicas importantes apresentaram chance de alta mais breve. RNs com intercorrências clínicas, que fizeram a transição da gavagem exclusivamente no peito, tiveram tempo de transição menor que aqueles que utilizaram complementação por copo/mamadeira. A transição alimentar pela técnica sonda-peito é importante para ser preconizada na atuação fonoaudiológica em Neonatologia.

ABSTRACT Purpose Measure the intervention time required for transition from gavage to exclusive oral feeding, comparing newborns exposed exclusively to the mother's breast with those who, in addition to breastfeeding, received supplementation using a cup or baby bottle. Methods Analytical, longitudinal, cohort study conducted with 165 newborns (NB) divided into groups according to severity of medical complications (G1-with no complications; G2-with significant complications), and into subgroups according to feeding mechanism (A and B). All NBs were low birth weight, on Kangaroo Mother Care, and breast stimulated according to medical prescription and hospital routine. Regarding feeding pattern, subgroup A comprised NBs exclusively breastfed at hospital discharge, whereas subgroup B was composed of NBs fed through cup/bottle at some time during hospitalization. The number of days spent in each stage of transition was recorded for each NB. Results History of clinical complications significantly influenced total intervention time. Study participants in subgroups G1-A (10 days), G1-B (9 days), and G2-A (12 days) displayed greater chances of early discharge compared with those in subgroup G2-B (16 days). Conclusion NBs with no important history of clinical complications displayed greater chances of early hospital discharge. NBs with significant history of clinical complications that underwent gavage to exclusive breastfeeding transition presented smaller intervention time than those that required supplementation using cup/bottle. Feeding transition using the gavage-to-exclusive oral feeding technique is recommended for Speech-language Pathology practice in Neonatology.

Comportamiento del bajo peso al nacer en pacientes atendidos en el Policlínico Universitario Pedro Borrás Astorga, Pinar del Rio, Cuba / Low Birth Weight Behavior in Patients Treated at Pedro Borrás Astorga University Polyclinic, Pinar del Rio, Cuba

Introducción: el bajo peso al nacer constituye en la actualidad una de las causas de morbimortalidad perinatal y es un indicador que valora los resultados de la atención prenatal. Objetivo: analizar el comportamiento del bajo peso al nacer de pacientes atendidos en el Policlínico Universitario Pedro Borrás Astorga, de Pinar del Río. Métodos: estudio analítico, descriptivo y retrospectivo realizado desde 2010 hasta 2015. Se trabajó con el universo 109 bajo peso al nacer y se aplicó una encuesta. Se utilizaron métodos de estadística descriptiva y los resultados fueron expresados en tablas. Resultados: el comportamiento del Bajo peso al Nacer (BPN), en 2013 fue de 8,1 por ciento con un posterior descenso. El estado civil que prevaleció fue la unión estable. Predominaron las adolescentes y las mujeres ≤ 35 años. Los riesgos previos fueron los antecedentes de partos con BPN y los de hipertensión arterial. Con relación a los riesgos médicos durante el embarazo la HTA inducida por el embarazo, la infección vaginal y la ruptura prematura de membrana. Predominaron los partos entre 28 y 36 semanas, el parto transpelviano, el pretérmino y los recién nacidos con pesos entre 2000 y 2499 g. Conclusiones: la prevención del bajo peso al nacer constituye una prioridad de la salud pública y un poderoso instrumento para la reducción de la mortalidad infantil. Se deben establecer acciones para su prevención lo que redundará en el bienestar de la población cubana(AU)

Introduction: Low birth weight is currently one of the causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality and it is an indicator that values the results of prenatal care. Objective: Analyze low birth weight behavior in patients treated at Pedro Borrás Astorga University Polyclinic, in Pinar del Río. Methods: An analytical, descriptive and retrospective study was performed from 2010 to 2015. We worked with a universe of 109 babies underweight at birth and a survey was applied. Descriptive statistics methods were used and the results were expressed in tables. Results: Low birth weight (BPN) behavior in 2013 was 8.1 percent with a subsequent decline. The prevailed marital status was the stable union. Adolescents and women ≤ 35 years predominated. The previous risks were the history of births with BPN and hypertension. With regard to medical risks during pregnancy, induced hypertension, vaginal infection and premature rupture of the membrane were the most significant. Preterm births between 28 and 36 weeks, transpelvian delivery, preterm birth and newborns weighing between 2000 and 2499 grams prevailed. Conclusions: Prevention of low birth weight is a public health priority and a powerful tool for reducing infant mortality. Actions should be established for its prevention, which will result in the welfare of the Cuban population(AU)

Desempenho linguístico de prematuros de 2 anos, considerando idade cronológica e idade corrigida / Linguistic performance in 2 years old preterm, considering chronological age and corrected age

RESUMO Introdução O nascimento prematuro acarreta problemas que não se restringem à mortalidade perinatal. Alguns prematuros, mesmo na ausência de lesões cerebrais, apresentam consequências negativas em diversos aspectos do desenvolvimento, como dificuldades em adquirir linguagem. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o desempenho linguístico de prematuros, na faixa etária de 2 anos, considerando a idade cronológica e a idade corrigida. Métodos Participaram do estudo 23 sujeitos prematuros e para verificar as habilidades linguísticas foi aplicado o Test of Early Language Development – TELD-3. Resultados Os sujeitos prematuros apresentaram desempenho total alterado no TELD-3 em 39,13% dos casos. Os prematuros também foram analisados considerando o atraso para a idade cronológica e a corrigida e não houve diferença no desempenho para os subtestes receptivo (p = 0,250) e expressivo (p = 1,000). Conclusão O grupo de prematuros aos 2 anos de idade constitui população de risco para alterações de linguagem que não podem ser compensadas com a correção da idade.

ABSTRACT Introduction Preterm birth causes problems that are not restricted to perinatal mortality. Some premature, even in the absence of brain damage, have negative effects on various aspects of development, such as language difficulties. Objective This study aimed to verify the linguistic performance of preterm children at 2 years old, considering the chronological age and corrected age. Methods The study included 23 preterm children and applied the Test of Early Language Development- TELD-3 to assess the language skills. Results The premature children showed the linguistic performance alterations in Teld-3 in 39.13% of cases. They were also analyzed considering the delay to the chronological and corrected ages and there was no difference in performance for both receptive subtests (p = 0.250) and significant (p = 1.000). Conclusion The group of premature children at 2 years is a population at risk for language disorders that cannot be compensated with age correction.

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy and perinatal results: a cohort study / Consumo de álcool durante a gravidez e resultados perinatais: um estudo de coorte

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is a significant social problem that may be associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. The aim of this study was to describe alcohol consumption during pregnancy and to study its association with low birth weight, newborns small for gestational age and preterm birth. DESIGN AND SETTING: Nested cohort study, in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: 1,370 women and their newborns were evaluated. A standardized questionnaire on health and lifestyle habits was applied to the mothers. Anthropometry was performed on the newborns. Alcohol consumption was defined as low, moderate or high, as defined by the World Health Organization. Adjusted logistic regression analysis was used. RESULTS: 23% of the women consumed alcohol during pregnancy. Consumption mainly occurred in the first trimester (14.8%) and decreased as the pregnancy progressed. The median alcohol intake was 3.89 g (interquartile range, IQR = 8 g) per day. In the unadjusted analysis, alcohol consumption increased the risk of low birth weight almost twofold (odds ratio, OR 1.91; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.25-2.92). The risk was lower in the adjusted analysis (OR 1.62; 95% CI: 1.03-2.54). Alcohol consumption did not show associations with small for gestational age or preterm birth. There was greater risk of low birth weight and newborns small for gestational age and preterm birth among mothers who were both smokers and drinkers. CONCLUSIONS: The alcohol consumption rate during pregnancy was 23% and was independently associated with low birth weight, but there was no risk of newborns small for gestational age or preterm birth.

RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: O consumo de álcool durante a gravidez é um problema social significativo que pode estar associado a resultados perinatais adversos. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o consumo de álcool na gestação e avaliar sua associação com recém-nascido de baixo peso, pequeno para idade gestacional e pré-termo. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo de coorte aninhado, na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil. Foram avaliadas 1.370 mulheres e seus recém-nascidos. Foi aplicado às mães um questionário padronizado sobre saúde e hábitos de vida. Antropometria foi realizada nos recém-nascidos. MÉTODOS:Consumo de álcool foi definido como baixo, moderado e elevado segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde. Foi utilizada análise de regressão logística ajustada. RESULTADOS: 23% das gestantes consumiram álcool durante a gravidez. A maior parte do consumo ocorreu no primeiro trimestre (14,8%) e diminuiu conforme progredia a gravidez. A mediana de ingestão de álcool foi de 3,89 g (interval interquartil, IIQ = 8 g) por dia. Na análise não ajustada, o consumo de álcool aumentou em quase duas vezes (odds ratio , OR 1,91, intervalo de confiança, IC 95%; 1,25-2,92) o risco de baixo peso, que se reduziu após ajuste (OR 1,62; IC 95%; 1,03-2,54). Não houve associação entre consumo de álcool e pequeno para idade gestacional ou pré-termo. Observou-se maior risco de baixo peso, neonato pequeno para idade gestacional e pré-termo em gestantes simultaneamente fumadoras e bebedoras. CONCLUSÕES: O consumo de álcool na gestação foi de 23% e esteve associado independentemente com o baixo peso ao nascer, mas não houve risco para neonato pequeno para idade gestacional e pré-termo.

Grau de escolaridade materna e baixo peso ao nascer: uma meta-análise / Maternal education level and low birth weight: a meta-analysis

OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre grau de escolaridade materna e peso de nascimento, considerando-se a hipótese de que a utilização em excesso das tecnologias na área da saúde, assim como a escassez de recursos, pode produzir desfechos similares. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se uma meta-análise com estudos transversais e de coorte, selecionados por revisão sistemática na base de dados bibliográficos MEDLINE com os descritores: socioeconomic factors; infant, low birth weight; cohort studies; cross-sectional studies. As medidas de sumário de efeito foram obtidas pelo modelo de efeito aleatório, e os seus resultados apresentados por intermédio dos gráficos Forest Plot. O viés de publicação foi analisado pelo Teste de Egger, e a avaliação da qualidade dos estudos utilizou a Escala de Newcastle-Ottawa. RESULTADOS: A busca inicial encontrou 729 artigos. Destes, foram excluídos 594, após a leitura do título e do resumo; 21, após reuniões de consenso entre os três revisores; 102, após leitura do texto completo; e três, por não possuírem o desfecho adequado. Dos nove artigos finais, 88,8% apresentavam uma qualidade igual ou superior a seis estrelas (Escala de Newcastle-Ottawa), configurando boa qualidade aos estudos. A heterogeneidade dos artigos foi considerada moderada. A escolaridade materna elevada mostrou um efeito protetor de 33% sobre o baixo peso ao nascer, enquanto que o grau médio não apresentou proteção significativa, quando comparados à escolaridade materna baixa. CONCLUSÕES: A hipótese de similaridade entre os graus extremos da distribuição social, traduzidas pelo nível de escolaridade materna, em relação à proporção de baixo peso ao nascer, não foi confirmada.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between maternal education level and birth weight, considering the circumstances in which the excess use of technology in healthcare, as well as the scarcity of these resources, may result in similar outcomes. METHODS: A meta-analysis of cohort and cross-sectional studies was performed; the studies were selected by systematic review in the MEDLINE database using the following key words: socioeconomic factors, infant, low birth weight, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies. The summary measures of effect were obtained by random effect model, and its results were obtained through forest plot graphs. The publication bias was assessed by Egger’s test, and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess study quality. RESULTS: The initial search found 729 articles. Of these, 594 were excluded after reading the title and abstract; 21, after consensus meetings among the three reviewers; 102, after reading the full text; and three for not having the proper outcome. Of the nine final articles, 88.8% had quality > six stars (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale), showing good quality studies. The heterogeneity of the articles was considered moderate. High maternal education showed a 33% protective effect against low birth weight, whereas medium degree of education showed no significant protection when compared to low maternal education. CONCLUSIONS: The hypothesis of similarity between the extreme degrees of social distribution, translated by maternal education level in relation to the proportion of low birth weight, was not confirmed.

Cognition, behavior and social competence of preterm low birth weight children at school age

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the cognitive and behavioral development of preterm and low birth weight newborns living in a disadvantageous socioeconomic environment at school age. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included children aged 6-7 from a historical birth cohort of preterm (gestational age <37 weeks) and low birth weight (<2,500 g) infants. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children III (WISC-III) was administered by a psychologist while the parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist. The results were compared to the test's reference. The perinatal information and follow-up data were collected from the hospital files. The demographic data were collected from the parents. The current performance was compared with the results from the Denver II and Bayley II tests, which were administered during the first years of life. RESULTS: The total intelligence quotient varied from 70 to 140 (mean 98.7±15.8). The borderline intelligence quotient was observed in 9.3% of the children. The Child Behavior Checklist indicated a predominance of social competence problems (27.8%, CI 19.2 to 37.9) compared with behavioral problems (15.5%, CI 8.9 to 24.2). Both the Child Behavior Checklist domains, such as schooling, social and attention problems, and the cognitive scores were significantly associated with maternal education and family income. The results of the Denver and Bayley tests were associated with the cognitive performance (p<0.001) and the Child Behavior Checklist social profile, including aggressive and externalizing behavior (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that even low-risk preterm newborns are at risk for developing disturbances in early school age, such as mild cognitive deficits and behavioral disorders. This risk might increase under unfavorable socioeconomic conditions. .

El exceso y el bajo peso corporal al nacimiento en hijos de madres con diabetes / Excess and low body weight at birth in diabetic-mother infants

Introducción: el hijo de madre con diabetes (HMD) puede sufrir alteraciones durante el embarazo por la enfermedad materna. Cuando aparece en la segunda mitad de la gestación hablamos de fetopatía diabética, más frecuente en mujeres con descontrol metabólico y en la diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG). La edad, paridad, obesidad, ganancia de peso durante el embarazo, grado de intolerancia a la glucosa, entre otros, pueden influir como determinantes del crecimiento fetal. Los autores se propusieron conocer la relación de estos factores con el peso del neonato. Objetivo: identificar factores modificables en las embarazadas con diabetes que permitan aumentar la frecuencia de recién nacidos de adecuado peso según edad gestacional. Métodos: se analizaron los resultados en 2 038 nacidos vivos hijos de madres con diabetes (350 diabéticas pregestacionales y 1 688 diabéticas gestacionales), durante 14 años. Resultados: la frecuencia de exceso de peso corporal neonatal resultó 11,83 porciento, se alcanzó su reducción, pero sin aumento del bajo peso. No existieron diferencias significativas en frecuencia de exceso de peso corporal entre las diabéticas pregestacionales y las gestacionales. El exceso de peso neonatal se relacionó con: multiparidad, exceso de peso materno pregestacional, ganancia de peso excesiva y grado de control metabólico durante el embarazo. El bajo peso se relacionó con: bajo peso materno pregestacional, enfermedad hipertensiva gravídica y lesión vascular materna a nivel glomerular. Conclusión: los recién nacidos con exceso o bajo peso para la edad gestacional se relacionaron con factores de riesgo diferentes

Introduction: the child of a diabetic mother (CDM) can suffer alterations during pregnancy by this maternal disease. When it appears in the second half of gestation, we talk of diabetic foetopathy, which is more frequent in women with uncontrolled metabolic and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Age, parity, obesity, weight gain during pregnancy, degree of glucose intolerance, among others, can influence fetal growth determinants. The research sought to understand the relationship of these factors with birth weight. Objective: to identify modifiable factors, which increase the frequency of newborns with appropriate weight for gestational age in diabetic pregnant women. Methods: results are analyzed in 2 038 live births born from diabetic mothers (350 diabetic pre-gestational and diabetic gestational 1 688), during 14 years. Results: occurrence of excess neonatal weight was 11.83 percent, its reduction was achieved, but with no increase in weight. No significant differences were observed in the frequency of excess body weight among pre-gestational and gestational diabetic patients. Neonatal overweight is associated with parity, maternal pre- pregnancy overweight, excessive weight gain and degree of metabolic control during pregnancy. Underweight was associated with low maternal weight before pregnancy, gestational hypertensive disease and mother vascular glomerular injury. Conclusion: the excess or low weights in infants in relation with their gestational age were associated with different risk factors

Retinopatía del prematuro en la unidad de cuidados intermedios: servicio de neonatología hospital central de maracay / Retinopathy of prematurity in the intermediate care unit: neonatology service Maracay Central Hospital

La incidencia de la Retinopatía del Prematuro (ROP) se asocia con las tasas de supervivencia y con la gravedad del proceso sistémico en elrecién nacido pretérmino y está influenciada por diversos factores. 1- Conocer la incidencia actual y la gravedad de la ROP. 2- Determinar la frecuencia según el sexo y edad gestacional. Estudio descriptivo, de diseño longitudinal. Se analizó una población de 363 prematuros, quienes fueron explorados secuencialmente enbúsqueda de ROP, de acuerdo al protocolo estandarizado de dicha condición. La severidad de ROP fue estimada según la extensión de la lesión. Del total de los 363 prematuros evaluados en la primera consulta, 214 presentaron ROP en la primera evaluación, y de estos 102 (28%) mantuvieron un diagnóstico definitivo a través del seguimiento. No hubo diferencia de incidencia entre varones y hembras. 40,65% tuvo un peso entre 1001-1499 gramos. 97 casos (45,32%) ocurrieron en niños entre 35 y 37 semanas. La ROP extendida a zona II fue la modalidad más común (88,23%). 28% de los prematuros estudiados desarrolló definitivamente la enfermedad. La mayoría de niños afectados tuvo ROP extendida a zona II. Hubo una alta incidencia de niños prematuros tardíos afectados por la complicación

Incidence of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is associated with survival rates and severity of systemic disease in premature newborns and is influenced by several factors. To determine the incidence and severity of ROP, and its frequency by gender and gestational age. Descriptive, longitudinal study. The analyzed population included 363 premature infants, who were evaluated for ROP, according to a standardized protocol. Type of ROP was defined by extent of the lesion. 214 out of the 363 infants had ROP at the first exam, and 102 (28%) had a definitive diagnosis on follow-up. There were no differences in incidence for males and females. 40% had a birth weight between 1001 and 1499 grams. 45,33% of cases occurred in preemies between 35 and 37 weeks’ gestational age. 88% of affected children had a zone II ROP. 28% of the infants had definitive diagnosis of ROP. Zone II ROP was the most common variant. There was a high incidence of ROP in late preterm newborns

Factores de riesgo que influyeron en el bajo peso al nacer en el policlínico Aleida Fernández / Risk factors influencing low birth weight at Aleida Fernandez clinic

Introducción: el nacimiento de un niño bajo peso ha constituido una incógnita para los profesionales de la salud en todos los tiempos. Objetivo: determinar los factores de riesgo que influyeron en el bajo peso al nacer, en el policlínico Aleida Fernández en los años 2007-2009. Métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo de corte transversal en los años 2007-2009. El universo lo constituyeron las 31 embarazadas cuyos bebés presentaron pesos por debajo de 2 500 g, y la muestra quedó formada por las 22 que recibieron atención prenatal en nuestra área de salud. Se utilizó porcentaje, media y desviación estándar como estadística descriptiva. Resultados: de los recién nacidos, 16 (72,7 porciento) presentaron retardo del crecimiento intrauterino y 10 (45,4 porciento) fueron pretérminos. El 100 porciento de las estudiadas, presentó sepsis vaginal y 18 (81,8 porciento), anemia. Conclusiones: el bajo peso al nacer continúa siendo un problema de salud y durante el embarazo existen numerosos factores de riesgos favorecedores y/o causales de este, tales como: el antecedente de abortos provocados y la nuliparidad, la desnutrición materna con insuficiente ganancia ponderal, la presencia de anemia y la sepsis vaginal. El trabajo continuo y sistemático, consciente y orientado hacia la población de mayor riesgo, constituye un elemento crucial, para la reducción de este evento negativo

Introduction: the birth of an underweight child has been a mystery to health professionals at all times. Objective: to determine risk factors influencing low birth weight, at Aleida Fernández clinic from 2007 to 2009. Methods: a retrospective cross sectional study was carried out from 2007 to 2009. The universe was 31 pregnant women whose babies had weights below 2 500 g, and the sample 22 pregnant women, who received prenatal care in our health area. We used percentage, mean and standard deviation as descriptive statistics. Results: 16 (72.7 percent) out of the newborns had intrauterine growth retardation and 10 (45.4 percent) were preterm. 100 percent of the patients studied developed vaginal sepsis, and 18 (81.8 percent) developed anemia. Conclusions: low birth weight remains a health problem and during pregnancy, there are numerous predisposing risk factors and / or causes such as: a history of abortions and nulliparity, malnutrition, poor maternal weight gain, the presence of anemia, and vaginal sepsis. The continuous and systematic, conscious work aimed towards high-risk population is crucial for reducing this negative event

Comportamiento del bajo peso al nacer en el Policlínico Universitario Héroes del Moncada (2006-2010) / Behavior of low birth weight in the Héroes del Moncada University Polyclinic (2006-2010)

Introducción: el bajo peso al nacer es un indicador que incide de forma directa en la mortalidad infantil, y en el posterior desarrollo psicomotor del niño. El Programa para la Reducción del Bajo Peso al Nacer, señala que los niños nacidos con un peso inferior a los 2 500 g, presentan riesgo de mortalidad 40 veces mayor, durante el primer año de vida, en comparación con los niños que nacen con un peso normal a término. ..

Introduction: the low birth weight is an indicator that influence directly on the infant mortality and in the latter psychomotor development of the child. The Program for Reduction of the Low Birth Weight suggest that the children with a birth weight lower than 2 500 g have a death risk greater during the first year of life, compared with the children with a term normal weight. ..

Algunos factores de riesgo relacionados con el bajo peso al nacer / Some risk factors related to the low birth weight

Introducción: el peso al nacer es de gran importancia en el recién nacido (RN). Objetivos: identificar factores de riesgo relacionados con el bajo peso del RN. Métodos: estudio de casos/controles en el policlínico Isidro de Armas municipio Playa, entre el 1ro. de enero de 2003 y 31 de diciembre de 2008. Se analizaron algunas variables: edad materna, antecedentes obstétricos: período intergenésico, RN bajo peso en embarazos anteriores, mortinato anterior, hipertensión arterial, embarazo múltiple, enfermedades asociadas o propias de la gestación. Resultados: las mujeres con edades entre 30-34 años aportaron el mayor número de RN con bajo peso (34,1 por ciento); en el grupo control prevaleció el grupo de edades de 20-24 años. En el grupo estudio predominó la hipertensión arterial crónica (9,8 por ciento), las que tuvieron bajo peso con anterioridad (9,8 por ciento) y el período intergenésico corto (7,3 por ciento); en las patologías asociadas fueron la infección cérvicovaginal, la anemia y el asma. En el grupo control predominaron la infección vaginal y la anemia. En el grupo estudio se encontró el retardo del crecimiento fetal (12,1 por ciento) y rotura prematura de membranas, en el grupo control la mayoría (95,1 por ciento) no presentó afecciones propias de la gestación. La mayoría de los nacimientos ocurrieron entre las 32-36 sem (48,8 por ciento) y el peso del RN osciló entre 2 000-2 499 g (85,4 por ciento). Conclusiones: las principales causas de retardo del crecimiento intrauterino fueron: la hipertensión arterial crónica, el antecedente de bajo peso anterior, el período intergenésico corto, la infección cérvicovaginal y la anemia

Introduction: The birth weight is very important in the newborn (NB). Objectives: To identify the risk factors related to the low birth weight of NB. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in the Isidro de Armas polyclinic, Playa municipality from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2008. Some variables were analyzed: mother age, obstetric backgrounds, inter-genetics period, and newborn with low birth weight in prior pregnancies, previous stillbirth, high blood pressure, multiple pregnancies, and diseases associated or typical of pregnancy. Results:There was predominance of women aged between 30-34 with newborns with low birth weight (34.1 percent); in control group prevailed the ages of 20-24 years. The study group had predominance of chronic arterial blood pressure (9.8 percent), those with a prior low birth (9.8 percent) and the short inter-genetics period (7.3 percent); in the associated pathologies are included the cervicovaginal infection, anemia and asthma. In control group there was predominance of vaginal infection and anemia. In study group there was a fetal growth delay (12.1 percent) and premature rupture of membrane, in control group most of them (95.1 percent) there were not affections typical of pregnancy. Most of births occurred between 32-36 weeks (48.8 percent) and the newborn weight fluctuated between 2 000 and 2 499 g (85.4 percent). Conclusions: The major causes of intrauterine growth delay were: chronic high blood pressure, a prior history of low weight, short inter-genetics period, cervicovaginal infection and anemia

Incidencia y mortalidad del recién nacido bajo peso / Incidence and mortality of the low birth weigh newborn

Introducción: el bajo peso al nacer es en todo el mundo el índice más importante para determinar las posibilidades del recién nacido de sobrevivir y tener un crecimiento sano. Los neonatos con bajo peso determinan el 60 por ciento de la mortalidad neonatal y cerca del 4 por ciento de la mortalidad infantil.Las estructuras económico-sociales de los países y las prioridades que los gobiernos otorgan al progreso social determinan que la reducción del bajo peso sea o no un problema social. Objetivos: determinar la incidencia y el comportamiento de la mortalidad del recién nacido bajo peso en el municipio Centro Habana. Métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, longitudinal descriptivo para determinar la incidencia y la mortalidad del recién nacido bajo peso, en el municipio Centro Habana, provincia Ciudad de La Habana en el período comprendido de 1995 a 2009. Como procederes estadísticos se utilizó el método porcentual, las tasas, el análisis de tendencia y la correlación lineal de Pearsonpara determinar la relación y la intensidad de dicha relación entre las variables cuantitativas. Resultados: en el período de estudio hubo un total de 23 575 nacidos vivos de los cuales 1 503 fueron bajo peso, para un índice global de 6,4. El 51,4 por ciento de los fallecidos fueron bajo peso. La sepsis fue la causa principal de muerte en el 23,2 por ciento de los fallecidos. Conclusiones: más de la mitad de los fallecidos en el periodo neonatal fueron bajo peso. Los recién nacidos bajo peso y los fallecidos menores de 28 días mostraron un decrecimiento progresivo a medida que transcurrieron los años. La sepsis fue la principal causa de mortalidad

Introduction: the low birth weight is at world scale the more important index to determine the possibilities of newborn of survive with a healthy growth. The neonates with low birth weight account for the 60 percent of the neonatal mortality and close to 4 percent of infantile mortality. The economic-social structures of countries and the priorities that government grant to social progress determine that reduction of the low weight be or not a social problem. Objectives: to determine the incidence and the behavior of the mortality of the low birth weight newborn in the Centro Habana municipality Ciudad de La Habana province from 1995 to 2009. As statistical precedents, authors used the percentage method, the rates, the trend analysis and the Pearson `linear correlation. Results: during study period there was a total of 23 575 live-born including 1 503 with low birth weight. Sepsis was the leading cause of death. Conclusions: more than a half of deceased during the neonatal period had low birth weight. The low birth weight newborns and those deceased aged less than 28 days showed a progressive decrease with time. Sepsis was the leading cause in 23.2 percent of death

Factores maternos relacionados con el bajo peso al nacer / Mother's factors related to a low birth weight

El peso al nacer es sin duda uno de los elementos más importantes para que un recién nacido experimente un crecimiento y desarrollo satisfactorio. El bajo peso al nacer es una de las causas más importantes de la morbilidad y mortalidad perinatal e infantil. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de serie de casos con el objetivo de conocer el comportamiento de los factores relacionados con el bajo peso al nacer en el Policlínico René Ávila Reyes, de Holguín, en el periodo de enero 2005 a mayo 2010. El universo se conformó con 86 embarazadas cuyo producto de la concepción tuvo un peso inferior a los 2 500 g y la muestra estuvo integrada por 62 gestantes, según los criterios de inclusión. La información se obtuvo mediante la revisión de las gráficas estadísticas del área y los carnet obstétricos. Se utilizaron los métodos teóricos: histórico lógico, análisis y síntesis e inducción deducción en todo momento de la investigación. El crecimiento intrauterino retardado resultó ser la principal causa de bajo peso influenciado por la desnutrición materna y la ganancia insuficiente de peso durante el embarazo. Los antecedentes obstétricos de mayor predominio fueron el período intergenésico corto y los antecedentes de 2 o más interrupciones de embarazos relacionados con la ocurrencia de recién nacidos con restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU) y pretérmino respectivamente. Las afecciones relacionadas con los embarazos más frecuentes fueron la enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo que alcanzó la mayor cifra en los casos con restricción del crecimiento intrauterino y la infección vaginal que trajo consigo el mayor número de pretérmino

The weight birth is without doubt one of the more important elements in order to the newborn has a satisfactory growth and development. The low birth weight is one of the leading causes of the perinatal and infantile morbidity and mortality. A descriptive and observational study was conducted in a series of cases to know the behavior of factors related to the low birth weight in the René Avila Reyes polyclinic of Holguín province from January, 2005 to May, 2010. Universe included 86 pregnants whose fetus had a weight lower than 2 500 g and the sample included 62 pregnants, according the inclusion criteria. Information was gathered by review of statistical charts from the area and obstetric cards. Theoretical methods were used: logical historical, analysis and synthesis and induction-deduction in throughout research. A delayed intrauterine growth was the main cause of low weight influenced by the mother's malnutrition and an insufficient weight gain during pregnancy. The obstetric backgrounds more predominant were the short inter-genesis and those of two or more pregnant interruptions related to occurrence of newborns with a restricted intrauterine growth (RIUG) and preterm, respectively. The more frequent affections related to pregnancy were the hypertensive disease related to pregnancy achieving the great figure in the cases with RIUG and the vaginal infection led to a greater number of preterm births

Relación del bajo peso al nacer con la sepsis vaginal: its relation to the low-birth weight / Vaginal sepsis: its relation to the low-birth weight

INTRODUCCIÓN: El bajo peso al nacer constituye uno de los principales problemas obstétricos actuales pues está relacionado con más del 75 por ciento de la mortalidad perinatal. Las infecciones del tracto genital se asocian a numerosas complicaciones como aborto espontáneo, elevada morbimortalidad, bajo peso al nacer, endometritis posparto y secuelas en los neonatos sobrevivientes. OBJETIVO: Conocer la relación del bajo peso al nacer con la sepsis vaginal en el área de salud del policlínico Este del municipio Camagüey, durante el trienio 2007-2009. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, acerca de la relación del bajo peso al nacer con la sepsis vaginal en el área de salud. El universo estuvo conformado por los 1 151 nacidos vivos en el periodo y se tomó como muestra los 55 niños que nacieron con peso inferior a 2 500 g, independientemente de la edad gestacional, aplicándoles a las madres un cuestionario (previo consentimiento informado) que contenía las variables: presencia de sepsis, tipo de germen, rotura prematura de membranas y modificaciones cervicales durante el embarazo. RESULTADOS: El 72,72 por ciento de las madres tuvieron en algún momento del embarazo sepsis vaginal, el germen más frecuente fue la trichomonas vaginalis con el 50,90 por ciento; el 52,5 por ciento de las gestantes aunque tenían sepsis vaginal no presentaron modificaciones cervicales. CONCLUSIONES: Las tres cuartas partes de las gestantes tuvieron sepsis vaginal, más de la mitad de las gestantes que tuvieron sepsis vaginal presentaron rotura prematura de membranas

INTRODUCTION: The low-birth weight is one of the major current obstetric problems since it is related to with more than the 75 percent of the perinatal mortality. The genital tract infections are associated with many complications including the spontaneous abortion, a high morbidity and mortality, the low-birth weight, postpartum endometritis and the sequelae in surviving neonates. OBJECTIVE: To know the relationship between the low-birth weight and vaginal sepsis in a health area of the East polyclinic of Camag³ey municipality from 2007-2009. METHODS: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted to know the relationship between the low-birth weight and vaginal sepsis in the above mentioned health area. Universe included 1 151 newborns during the period taking like sample a group of 55 children weighing less than 2 500 g, independently of the gestational age, applying to mothers a questionnaire (previous informed consent) including the following variables: presence of sepsis, type of germen, an premature rupture of membranes and cervical modifications during pregnancy. RESULTS: The 72.72 percent of mothers had during any moment of pregnancy vaginal sepsis, the more frequent germ was the Trichomonas vaginalis with the 50.90 percent; the remainder 52.5 percent although despite the presence of vaginal sepsis had not cervical modifications. CONCLUSIONS: The three quarter of pregnant women had vaginal sepsis, more than half with this type of sepsis also had a premature rupture of membranes

Comportamiento del bajo peso al nacer en la parroquia Castor Nieves RÍos / Behavior of low birth weight in the Castor Nieves Ríos parish church

INTRODUCCION: el bajo peso al nacer constituye un problema multifactorial que afecta a muchos países del mundo. OBJETIVO: identificar los factores maternos que se relacionan con el bajo peso al nacer en la parroquia Castor Nieves Ríos. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal de los 32 nacimientos con bajo peso ocurridos en la maternidad del Hospital Público José María Benítez, pertenecientes a la parroquia Castor Nieves Ríos, en el 1er. semestre de 2006. Se revisaron las historias obstéricas de las madres, y se identificaron algunas variables sociodemográficas. RESULTADOS: el 90,62 por ciento de los nacimientos con bajo peso correspondían a madres que fumaron durante la gestación. El 53,1 por ciento de ellas, tuvo un parto pretérmino; el 40,62 por ciento presentó anemia durante este período, y el 59,3 por ciento de las gestantes tuvo una ganancia de peso insuficiente. CONCLUSIONES: el bajo peso al nacer estuvo determinado por el hábito de fumar, parto pretérmino, anemia, así como ganancia insuficiente de peso durante la gestación

INTRODUCTION: the low birth weight is multifactorial problem affecting many countries in the world. OBJECTIVE: to identify the maternal factors related to low birth weight in the Castor Nieves Ríos parish church. METHODS: a cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted of 32 low birth weight births occurred in the José María Benítez Public Maternity Hospital during the 1st semester of 2006. The mother's obstetrical histories were reviewed and some sociodemographic variables were identified. RESULTS: the 90,62 percent of low birth weight births corresponded to smoker mothers during pregnancy. The 53,1 percent of them had a preterm labor; the 40,62 percent had anemia during this period, and the 59,3 percent of pregnants had a insufficient weight gain. CONCLUSIONS: the low birth weight was determined by smoking, preterm labor, anemia, as well as a insufficient weight gain during pregnancy